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    • ???? ?????? ??????? (IAQ) ???? ???? ???? ????? - ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? (IAQ) ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????: ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????????.

    • ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? (IAQ) ????????

      ? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????? (WHO) ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????????. ????? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???????. ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????? (ISO) ???? ??????? ?????????. ???? ?????? ??? ISO-16814:2008 ????????? ??????? ISO 16000-40:2019/Amd 1:2024 ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????.

    Infographic of indoor pollutants in WHO IAQ guidelines: carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, and radon, highlighting their health risks. Infographic of indoor pollutants in WHO IAQ guidelines: carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, and radon, highlighting their health risks.
    • ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????

      ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? (EPA) ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? (ASHRAE) ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????. ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ASHRAE 62.1 ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? (ASHRAE)? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????. ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? (RIAQG) ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????.

    Map of North America highlighting indoor air quality standards in the US and Canada, focusing on guidelines by EPA, ASHRAE, and Health Canada. Map of North America highlighting indoor air quality standards in the US and Canada, focusing on guidelines by EPA, ASHRAE, and Health Canada.
    • ???????? ?? ??????? ????????

      ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? BS EN 13142:2021. ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???????. ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? (EEA) ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????. ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????.

    • ???????? ?? ????

      ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????????. ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? JEM 1467 ?????? ????????? ??????. ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? IAQ ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????????. ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? (ISHRAE) ????? ???? ?????? ???????.

    Map of Asia highlighting indoor air quality standards in India, South Korea, Japan, and Malaysia, detailing their focus on indoor pollutants. Map of Asia highlighting indoor air quality standards in India, South Korea, Japan, and Malaysia, detailing their focus on indoor pollutants.
    • ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? (???????? ??????? ???????)

      ? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? (IAQ)? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????: ??????????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? (TVOC)? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ????????. ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????????? 0.08 ??? ?? ??????? (ppm)? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? 300 ????????? ??? ??? ???? (μg/??? ????)? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? 150 μg/??? ????.
      ????? ???????? ???????? ??? R717 ?R744 ?R290 ?R600a ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??? R32 ?R454B? ??? ???? ?????. ??? ???? ??? R717 ?R290 ?R600a ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???. ?? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ????????.

    • ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????

      ? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? (IAQ) ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? (CO) ????? ????? ?????????? (NO2). ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? 50 ???????? ??? ??? ???? (????/?3) ??? ???? 24 ???? ?20 ????/?3 ??????. ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? (CO) ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? 100 ????/?3 ???? 15 ????? ??? 7 ????/?3 ???? 24 ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? (NO2) 200 ????/?3 ???? ???? ????? ?40 ????/?3 ??????.

    • ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? (IAQ)

      ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? (IAQ) ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ????. ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? 34 (STC34) ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? IEQ ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? 34 ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????????.

    • ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? (IAQ)? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????.

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